Microstrip Patch Array Design. Antenna arrays offer improved directivity compared to a single- radiator antenna. The directivity of an array is due to interference effects between the individual elements of the array, which means that the spatial distribution of the elements as well as phases and magnitudes at each element need to be tuned for optimal performance. Each of these can be considered separately by dividing the process of designing the array into separate stages. By creating the array in steps, the task of optimizing the design is made less challenging, and the most appropriate tools can be used at each stage. This article explains the design process for a planar microstrip patch array for WLAN frequencies using the circuit and full- wave 3. D solvers and optimization tools in CST STUDIO SUITE. The goal in this case is to design an array with high directivity, low cost and low sidelobes, exhibiting a good impedance matching in the frequency range 5. The same approach can also be used to design other types of array by using a different radiator or array layout. For this example, a simple square patch antenna was used (Figure 1), and was created directly in CST STUDIO SUITE. The patch is created on a double- layered substrate with an air gap, and is placed inside an ABS box. Two parameters need to be optimized: the length of the patch, in order to adjust the resonant frequency of the patch, and the depth of the air gap, in order to increase its bandwidth. This was done using the time domain solver, with a parameter sweep to vary these two parameters. In this case, the choice of box and patch type limits the possible layouts for the array, and so a 4 . However, any arbitrary array shape can be imported as a text file containing the location of each element and the magnitude and phase of the feeding current. This can be estimated by multiplying the farfield of the single patch by the array factor, which depends only on the spatial arrangement of the elements and the amplitude and phase of the feeding current of each element. A post- processing tool in CST STUDIO SUITE calculates the array factor and automatically produces a theoretical farfield for an equivalent array. Patch Antenna Array Calculator GamesMicrostrip patch antenna has been heavily studied and is often used as elements for an array. A large number of microstrip patch antennas have been studied to date. Microstrip Patch Antenna. FMCW Patch Antenna Array. In this example, we will investigate the microstrip patch antenna as a phased array radiator. 86 useful links about Antenna design calculators collected in Page 2 Antennas/Antenna Calculators at The DXZone. Patch Antenna Array Calculator For FractionsOptimization can then be used to adjust the spacing between the elements to maximize the gain of the antenna, and to change the magnitude of the feeding current to different patches to reduce the side lobes. A more accurate approach is to simulate the entire array. The Array Wizard in CST STUDIO SUITE will construct an array model from a single element. As shown in Figure 2, the array factor and the full array model are generally in good agreement, even when the ABS casing is included. The largest difference is visible in the backwards radiation pattern. This is due to the larger ground plane and the effect of the edge elements. In our case, the patches, ABS box, substrate and aluminum plate are simulated in 3. D and the feeding network on a circuit level. Then the complete array will be automatically assembled into 3. D in order to investigate the coupling effects in the feeding network. With S- parameter symmetries, only 4 ports need to be excited to calculate the full 1. S- matrix. The blocks give an S- parameter representation of the transmission line, and are connected to another block containing the S- parameters from the full- wave simulation of the array without the feed network. The circuit simulation is very fast, but does not consider 3. D effects. Instead, this first optimization gives a good starting point for a more detailed 3. D analysis. The red circles on the model show the discrete ports. Feed network 3. D simulation. Figure 4: Full 3. D model of the array with the feeding network. When considered in 3. D, the characteristics of the feed network appear slightly different to those calculated using the circuit simulation. This is due to effects such as the coupling between the feed network and the patches, which only appears in a full- wave simulation. These couplings introduce a phase delay, which upsets the excitation of the patches and affect the uniformity of the magnitude distribution. Since the unwanted interaction between the patches and the feeding lines affects also the radiation pattern, the final optimization should consider both goals on impedance matching and radiation pattern. Design of Circularly-Polarized Patch Antennas using CST MICROWAVE STUDIO. The antenna array was manufactured and measured. Microstrip Patch Array Design. For this example, a simple square patch antenna was used (Figure 1), and was created directly in CST STUDIO SUITE. Because of rather high number of parameters and the complexity the global optimization strategy should be used. GPU computing with the time domain solver significantly reduces the optimization time of the whole array. The optimized array satisfied the - 1. B requirements, as shown in Figure 5. The most visible effect of the optimization was to change the length of the meanders so that meanders leading to inner patches are longer than those leading to outer patches. This equalizes the phase difference between the patches and improves the performance of the array. The optimized radiation pattern is depicted in Figure 6. Common microstrip antenna shapes are. Such an array of patch antennas is an easy way to make a phased array of antennas. Microstrip Patch Antenna Calculator. Microstrip Patch Array Antennas CERNEX, Inc. 766 San Aleso Avenue, Sunnyvale, CA 94085 Tel. The S- parameter results for the bare array (Figure 9) show a very good agreement between the simulated and measured S- parameters in terms of both magnitude and phase. In this case, the array is sensitive to variations in, for instance, the air gap between the substrate and ground plane, and these are the main source of uncertainity. The difference is slightly greater when the ABS front plate is included (Figure 1. Figure 1. 1 shows the gain of the array both as measured and as simulated. The co- polarization results agree very closely, as do the cross- polarization results in the H- plane. The asymmetry in the cross- polarization measurements is due to the metallic fixture, which was not present in the simulation. The measured E- plane cross- polarization level of between - 1. Bi and - 2. 0 d. Bi is however sufficient considering the much higher H- plane cross- polarization. Feb 2. 01. 4 4: 2. Sep 2. 01. 6 5: 4. Article ID 9. 15. All rights reserved. Without prior written permission of CST, no part of this publication may be. Not only does this coupling lead to power switching noise being transferred into data signals, it also means that power supply systems may demonstrate additional resonances that are not seen in the individual components. This can affect the power integrity of the PCB and may reduce its speed or reliability. This paper will explore some of the potential power integrity issues that can affect a PCB and explain how simulation can be used to help reduce these effects. Two different workflows will be presented: 1) the . The benefits of such level of integration in the daily work of design engineers will be discussed. Rodnizki, Soreq NRC - . The SARAF RFQ is a four rod RFQ, operating at a frequency of 1. MHz, designed to bunch and accelerate a 4 m. A deuteron/proton beam from 2. V/nucleon DC up to 1. Me. V/nucleon CW.
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